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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Introduced mammals on seabird breeding islands ： ウィキペディア英語版 Introduced mammals on seabird breeding islands Seabirds include some of the most threatened taxa anywhere in the world. For example, of extant albatross species, 82% are listed as threatened, endangered, or critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.〔Save the Albatross Campaign. 9 February 2011. Species at Risk. Save the Albatross; a global campaign by BirdLife International. Retrieved 25 February 2011 〕 The two leading threats to seabirds are accidental bycatch by commercial fishing operations and introduced mammals on their breeding islands. Mammals are typically brought to remote islands by humans either accidentally as stowaways on ships, or deliberately for hunting, ranching, or biological control of previously introduced species.〔Safina, C. 2008. The state of our seabirds, p. 1-24. In J. Hardesty, S. Holmer, M. J. Parr, D. Pashley, G. Radko, G. Shire, and G. E. Wallace (), Bird Conservation, the magazine of the American Bird Conservancy. The Plains, VA.〕〔Harris, D. B. 2009. Review of negative effects of introduced rodents on small mammals on islands. Biological Invasions 11:1611-1630.〕〔Hilton, G. M. and R. J. Cuthbert. 2010. The catastrophic impact of invasive mammalian predators on birds of the UK Overseas Territories: a review and synthesis. Ibis 152:443-458.〕 Introduced mammals have a multitude of negative effects on seabirds including direct and indirect effects. Direct effects include predation and disruption of breeding activities, and indirect effects include habitat transformation due to overgrazing and major shifts in nutrient cycling due to a halting of nutrient subsidies from seabird excrement.〔Campbell, K. and C. J. Donlan. 2005. Feral goat eradications on islands. Conservation Biology 19:1362-1374.〕〔Croll, D. A., J. L. Maron, J. A. Estes, E. M. Danner, and G. V. Byrd. 2005. Introduced predators transform subarctic islands from grassland to tundra. Science 307:1959-1961.〕 There are other invasive species on islands that wreak havoc on native bird populations (e.g. brown snakes on Guam〔Rodda, G. H., T. H. Fritts and P. J. Conry. 1992. Origin and Population Growth of the Brown Tree Snake, Boiga irregularis, on Guam. Pacific Science 46(1):46-57.〕), but mammals are by far the most commonly introduced species to islands and the most detrimental to breeding seabirds.〔 Despite efforts to remove introduced mammals from these remote islands, invasive mammals are still present on roughly 80% of islands worldwide.〔Aguirre-Munoz, A., D. A. Croll, C. J. Donlan, R. W. Henry, M. A. Hermosillo, G. R. Howald, B. S. Keitt, L. Luna-Mendoza, M. Rodriguez-Malagon, L. M. Salas-Flores, A. Samaniego-Herrera, J. A. Sanchez-Pacheco, J. Sheppard, B. R. Tershy, J. Toro-Benito, S. Wolf, and B. Wood. 2008. High-impact conservation: Invasive mammal eradications from the islands of western Mexico. Ambio 37:101-107.〕 ==Species commonly introduced== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Introduced mammals on seabird breeding islands」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.